SSLC - Ready Reference English Manual Covering Grammar Exercise

SSLC - Ready Reference English Manual

Covering Grammar Exercises

Prepared by

Bedre Manjunath

CONJUNCTIONS

CONJUNCTIONS

A conjunctin is a word or phrase which link two words, phrases or clauses.

Co-ordinating : and, but, for, or, also, yet, still,

either...or, neither...nor, both....and, not only.....but also, as well as,

Sub-ordinating : though, although, because, since, as, that, while, unless, even if, after, neverethe less,lest, in case, so....that, as if, as long as, what, where, when, why, which, how, who, whom, whose.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions

1.The boy is intelligent —————lazy.
A. and

B. or

C. because

D. but

2. It can be white, black————grey.
A. but

B. and

C. nor

D. or

3. The man is short tempered ———— people like him.
A. but

B. yet

C. and

D. so

4. She is not only intelligent————industrious.
A. but also

B. but

C. also

D. and also

5. The question looks easy ———— it is difficult.
A. but

B. yet

C. and

D. so

6. I did my homework ———— then went out to play.
A. but

B. yet

C. and

D. so

7. Sarabhai knew ———— space science could help many areas of importansce.
A. but

B. that

C. and

D. so

Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions

There are three or four who can be called great but Chandrashekhar votes for Rahul Dravid.
I would be sentenced if I am caught.
I would be grateful to you if you would get me a small bundle of cotton.
Go back, or I’ll horsewhip you.
I firmly believe that ODIs can never replace test cricket.
I have neither gone mad nor have I been upto any mischief.
Remember not gun powder but a letter.
Vikram left for England and joined St. John’s College.
The newspaper proclaimed samiji, a prophet and a seer.
If your Majesty permits me, I can try to solve the problem.
Tell me if there is no one who has an answer.
The whole court is stunned and looks at Daksha.
You could give it if you liked; but you are fond of asking impertinent questions.
I won’t give you any letter unless I know you are the servant of Squire Egan.
The teachers are kind and affectionate.
When he returned to India, Vikram joined the IIS at Bangalore.
The West Indians tried to hit him off the gound but did not succeed and therefore decided to play as he came.
Newspaper used to report that Chandrashekar could not face fast bowlers.
If you refuse to handover the car, I will cancel its registration.
Kashibai’s reply made him so angry that the collector cancelled the registration.
The police would always try hard to assert Shakuntala but in vain.
If I am caught, I would be sentenced to imprisonment.
The two women told him that India had attained freedom and the British oppressors had no place in India.
How can we find out if a person or a society is barbarous or civilized?
Examples from Previous Question Papers
"I wish it had lasted, so we could have had another dinner here.
Twenty years is a long time, but not long enough to change a man’s nose. (since, so, but, before)
Science has everything for man’s need but not for his greed.
Somehow I couldn’t do it myself. So I got a plainclothesman to do the job. (or, so, until, but)
I sat back and observed them. They could not understand every word but they would get the general import of my remarks.
(so, but, since, and)
Japanese radar operators detected three more aircrafts approach ing Hiroshima at a high altitude but these were presumed to be reconnaissance planes, and there was no second alert. (and, but, or, which)
The policeman twirled his club and took a step or two.
(but, and, because, or)
Her eyes were black with anger and humiliation, but she stood up and walked out. (and, or, but, because)
They tied dad up and doped him.
Jimmy will meet me if he is alive. (when, if, and, or)
You must set the standard in the things for the rest of the school for the younger ones will ape everything you do and say.
( that, and, or, for)
A man who is strong and tough, never needs to show in his dress or the way he cuts his hair. (that, or, and, but)
The policeman twirled his club and took a step or two.
(so, and, though, or)
The man from the west stopped suddenly and released his arm.
You may catch them if you are quick. ( because, or, and, but, if, that)
Wait here until I come back. (but, when, until, if)
When Elizabeth was twenty , she married Joseph Fry.
( but, when, until, if)
The tumult died down when she spoke. ( as, when, because)
Its inhabitants expected trouble because Hiroshima was a major military post. (for, because, and)
I am am the one you should criticize if I fail to maintain the stand ards I demand. ( and, if, so)
It has not only stopped attcking people but even makes way for them. ( nor, though, but)
Tapan is popular and respected by his companions.
Address me as ‘Mr. Braithwaite’ or ‘Sir’ (and, or, but, that)
Pamela Dare’s eyes were black with anger and humiliation, but she stood up and walked out. (or, and, but, because)

PREPOSITIONS

PREPOSITIONS

A preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show in what relationship the person or thing denoted by it stands in relatin to something else. Prepositions indicate relationship in time and space.

Simple Preposition
Simple prepositions are single syllable words. These words show :
Location : at, by, in, on, near
Direction : to, from, down, off, through, out, up
Asssociation : of, for, with, like

Compound Preposition
Compound prepositions are two syllable words.
e.g., about, above, across, after, along, amidst, among, around, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, inside, outside, within, without, etc.

Phrase Preposition
Phrase prepositions are groups of words functioning as prepositions.
e.g., according to, along with, away from, becasue of, by reason of, by means of, by virtue of, for the sake of, in accordance with, in addition to,in comparision to, in course of, in favour of, in front of, in in lieu of, in order to, in place of, in regard to, in spite of, in stead of, in the event of, in way of, on account of, owing to, with a view to, with an eye to, with reference to, with regard to, etc.

Participle Preposition
Participle prepositions are Present Participle (v+ing) form of the verb functioning as prepositions.

e.g., barring, concerning, considering, notwithstanding, pending, regarding, respectiong, etc.

USES OF PREPOSITIONS

OF is used to show :

1. SEPERATION IN TIME AND DISTANCE
e.g., After two years of marriage she had a child.
2. ORIGIN
e.g., The plays of Shakespeare. The people of Chitradurga.
3. CAUSE
e.g., She was full of joy. He is afraid of girls.
4. CONNECTION AND RELATION
e.g., She is the sister of Chayapathi. This is the first of May.
5. WEIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS
e.g., A piece of chalk. Samarth drank a litre of milk.
Sheela sang a number of devotional songs.

AT is used to show :

1. WHERE SOMEBODY OR THING IS
e.g., The train is at the platform.Suma lives at Chatnahally.
2. DIRECTION
e.g., He always looks at girls. Shobha is looking at you.
3. TIME :
e.g., Please, come at 5 O’clock. I married at the age of 25.

ON is used to show :

1. DAY AND DATE
e.g., People go to temples on Tuesdays. My birthday is on the 10th of June. Visitors come to the Fort on Sundays.
2. ON THE TOP OF A THING
e.g., The newspaper is on the floor. The book is on the table.
The teacher is writing a poem on the board.
3. ABOUT A THING
e.g., Samarth has written a book on Quizzics.
Spoorthy has done research on rice.

IN is used to show :

1. TO SHOW THE PLACE
e.g., The children play in the street. Geetha has a stick in her hand.
2. TO SHOW TIME
e.g., The club members come here in the evening. There are seven days in a week.
3. TO SAY ABOUT DRESS
e.g., That girl in red dress is my sister. Shobha looks pretty in chudidar.

BY is used to show :

1. TO SHOW NEARNESS
e.g., Please, don’t sit by the window. Her house is by the college.
2. TO SHOW CAUSE:
( Usually by is used in the Passive Voice after Past Participle.)
e.g., A story was told by the student. He was caught by the police.
3. TO SHOW THE METHOD
e.g., Why don’t you send the letter by courier?
We have to travel by bicycle.

FOR is used to show :

1. TO SHOW DESTINATION & RECIPIENT
e.g., This train is leaving for Lahore. This is a letter for you.
2. TO TELL ABOUT PREPARATION
e.g., India is not preparing for war. Study hard for your exams.
3. TO SHOW THE PURPOSE & CAUSE
e.g., Dr. Shivarudrappa went for a walk. Raju works for money only.
4. TO SHOW SUITABILITY & FITNESS
e.g., Smoking is bad for lungs. This films is for adults only.
5. PURCHASING
e.g., I bought this dictionary for Rs. 595/-.
Sudha purchased ten saries for Rs.3000.
6. TO SHOW TIME & SPACE
e.g., Children sleep for 12 hours a day.
Dr. Shivaprasad walks for two kilometres everyday.

WITH is used to show :

1. TO INDICATE COMPANY :
e.g., Ravi came to our home with Suma. Those books are with Sanjay.
2. TO SHOW THE METHOD :
e.g., Smitha covered herself with a blanket.Cut an apple with a knife.

Here are some examples:

1. Vikram Sarabhai thought of going ——— England.
A. in

B. for

C. at

D. to

2. ————working as a teacher, he also writes books in his spare time.
A. besides

B. beside

C. by

D. about.

3. Sir. M. Visvesvaraya was a man ————principles.
A. with

B. for

C. by

D. of

4. Keep ————the grass.
A. off

B. of

C. on

D. into

5. We can only achieve success ——— hard work.
A. in

B. by

C. through

D. along

6. Narendra heard —— Sri Ramakrishna from Prof. Hastie.
A. of

B. from

C. at

D. to

7. Andy’s face was gleaming ——— delight.
A. from

B. for

C. at

D. with

8. Swamiji went ——— a walk in the afternoon.
A. in

B. for

C. at

D. to

9. Many stories are told about the Desais ——— Jainur.
A. in

B. for

C. of

D. to

SOME MORE EXAMPLES FROM SSLC PAPERS:

Andy slapped them down under his fist on the table before the squire.
"Ride into the town and see whether there is any letter for me."
Andy waited for about half an hour, in spite of the taunts of the postmaster.
Andy came to the squire’s presence, his face beaming with delight.
Just at this moment, a person who knew Andy came to the shop.
Vikram was born on 12th August 1919 in Ahmedabad.
Many of his classmates went to him with their problems.
Vikram was awarded Ph.D. by the Cambridge University for his studies on the subject.
Vikram thought of going to England for higher studies in physics.
Vikram was good at his studies, especially in science.
Vishwanath was known for charity and was respected by everyone.
It was from Prof. Hastie that Narendra first heard of Ramakrishna.
There was thunderous applause from the vast audience, and it lasted for two minutes.
Sometimes Narendra turned the classroom into a place of lively discussion.
Swamiji went for a walk in the afternoon.
Narendra would get lost in thoughts about God.
You come under pressure only when you begin to think of your disadvantage.
He is going to the USA to spend some time with his son.
The first session of the Parliament was opend in the Great Hall of Columbus at Chicago.
Many stories are told about Desais of Jainur.
We will have to honour the pandit by taking him round in procession.
There is a total silence for sometime. Slowly the courtiers started talking among themselves.
I walked around my desk and sat in my chair.
I have a position in one of the city departments.
The community life of the Soligas is based on the sharing system.
The bomb exploded in a brilliant flash with light.
No soliga has ever ever suffered from want of food.
She spoke to the Dutch king on the state of prisons in Holland.
Tapan rubbed some medicine on its leg.
There were tears in his eyes.
The policeman on the beat, moved up the avenue impressively.
He intends to give a special gift to surprise.
The Soligas find God in every blade of grass.
The bomb was armed in the air to avoid the possiblity of a nuclear war.
Tapan has been given fifteen strokes for riding an ox into the class room.
It is true that I threw stones in his shop at Ratan and others.
It crashed into the room of class VII
India was freed from the clutches of the British rule on 15th August 1947.
The headmaster was returning home from his walk.
He saw Tapan rubbing medicine on the ox’s leg. ( on, by, with, from )
The bomb was armed in the air to avoid the possibility of a nuclear accident on take off. ( for, of, in, to )
The appearace of such planes was a common occurence and most people did not bother to take shelter. ( on, to, by, of )
I walked around my desk and sat in my chair. ( around, of, in, for)
I have a position in one of the city departments. ( of, at, in, for )
The community life of the Soligas is based on the sharing system.
( in, at, on, of)
The bomb exploded in a brilliant flash with light. ( of, with,by, in)
No soliga has ever ever suffered from want of food. ( for, from, to, of)
She spoke to the Dutch king on the state of prisons in Holland.
( to, for, about, on)
Tapan rubbed some medicine on its leg. There were tears in his eyes. ( of, in, on, by)
The policeman on the beat, moved up the avenue impressively.
( under, on, up, with )
He intends to give a special gift to surprise. ( for, of, to, with)
After cultivation for some years, the land is abandoned and it turns into a forest again. (for, in, into, up)
The Soligas find God in every blade of grass. ( of, to in, for )
The bomb was armed in the air to avoid the possiblity of a nuclear war. ( of, on, in, by )
Tapan has been given fifteen strokes for riding an ox into the class room. (with, for, in, into)
It is true that I threw stones in his shop at Ratan and others.
( in, for, at, by, with, about)
It crashed into the room of class VII ( of, to, into, in )
India was freed from the clutches of the British rule on 15th August 1947.

CHANGE OF EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES INTO ASSERTIVE

CHANGE OF

EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES

INTO

ASSERTIVE SENTENCES

A sentence that expresses strong feelings of mind ( of joy, sorrow, surprise, wonder, pain or fear) is called an "Exclamatory Sentence’. These sentences are given for conversion into Assertive. Placing the Subject in the opening of the sentence followed by its verb and complements these sentences are changed into Assertives.

Examples:
How stupid of him to say that!
Ans.: It was very stupid of him to say that.
How clever she is ! Ans.: She is very clever.
How wise you are! Ans.: You are very wise.
What a sweet fragrance! Ans.: It is indeed sweet frangrance.
How intelligent Narendra was!
Ans.: Narendra was very intelligent.
What a powerful concentration of mind Narendra had!
Ans.: Narendra had a very powerful concentration of mind.
What an extraordinary soul Ramkrishna was!
Ans.: Ramakrishna was really an extraordinary soul.
How kind Dr. Sarabhai was to his employees!
Ans.: Dr. Srabhai was very kind to his employees.
What a fine spinner Chandrashekar was!
Ans.: Chandrashekar was a very fine spinner.
How foolish we are to send missionaries to this learned nation!
Ans.: We are really very foolish to send missionaries to

SSLC New Pattern QP and Study Skills - A New Book by Aravind Chokkadi

SSLC New Pattern QP and Study Skills

A New Book by Aravind Chokkadi

Published by Navakarnataka Publications

SSLC - Free Maths & English Websites - Article in Pravajavani - Shikshana Section of 30-09-2008

SSLC - Free Maths & English Websites

Article in Pravajavani

Shikshana Section

30-09-2008

ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE - MADE EASY

ACTIVE VOICE

PASSIVE VOICE

MADE EASY

A verb is said to be in the "Active Voice" when its form shows that the person or thing denoted by the "Subject" does something.
A verb is said to be in the "Passive Voice" when its form shows that something is done to the person or thing denoted by the"Subject".

RULES

1. The ‘Passive voice’ of a verb is formed by using the "Past Participle" form of the verb after using suitable " Be" form verbs like "is written", "was written", "will be written" or "is being written", "was being written"," have been written ", "had been written", "will have been written", or " are sent", "were sent","will be sent","are being sent","were being sent", " have been sent", " had been sent" etc.

2. The "Object" of the verb in the ‘Active Voice’ takes the place of the "Subject" in the ‘Passive Voice’ and the "Subject" of the ‘Active Voice’ occupies the position of the "Object" in the ‘Passive Voice’.

3. If the verb has two "Objects" in the ‘Active Voice’, the sentence can be changed in two ways by using any one of the "Objects" as the "Subject" in the ‘Passive Voice’.

4. The word "by" (preposition) is mostly used before the "Object" in the ‘Passive Voice’. If the verb is followed by a prepositon in the ‘Active Voice’ itself, the same is used before "by".

5. Personal pronouns change their forms when they change their position from that of the "Subject" to that of the "Object".
Subject : I We You He She It They
Object : me us you him her it them

6. The ‘Passive’ forms of the "Present /Past/ Future Perfect Continuous " and "Future Continuous" are more avoided than used.

7. While transferring sentences from ‘Active’ to ‘Passive ’ or vice versa, the "form" of the sentence and "the tense" never change.

Simple Method

At first locate the main verb in the given sentence. Then ask "Who?" ( Who performed the action?) You will get the "Subject". Now read the "Subject and Verb" together and ask "What" or "Whom" to know what is or who is involved in the action and you will get the "Object".
Now, take the "Subject" and place it at the end and bring the "Object" to the first place. Change the verb into "Past Participle". Add suitable "be" form verb to indicate the tense and degree.
If there is no answer for the questions "what / whom" then the verb happens to be an ‘intransitive’ one. The ‘intransitives’ cannot be changed into the ‘Passive Voice’. You need an "Object" to change the ‘Voice’.

Samarth goes to school. ( No object)
Samarth tells a story. (Object) (Active)
A story is told by Samarth. (Passive)

MOST LIKELY QUESTIONS

I never saw you before.
You were never seen before (by me).

You could give it to me.
It could be given to me by you. (Direct Object)
I could be given it by you. (Indirect Object)

The gentleman paid the four-pence postage.
The four-pence postage was paid by the gentleman.

You have to pay eleven-pence postage.
Eleven-pence postage has to be paid by you.

Sarabhai dreamt of a Research Laboratory for studies on cosmic rays.
A Research Laboratory for studies on cosmic rays was dreamt of by Sarabhai.

You’ll never see me again.
I shall never be seen again (by you) .

Who gave you those directions?
By whom were those directions given to you? (Direct Object)
By whom were you given those directions? (Indirect Object)

Share your views with others.
Let your views be shared with others.

Dr. Sarabhai would solve all their problems easily.
All their problems would easily be solved by Dr. Sarabhai.

A research student burnt up an electric meter.
An electric meter was burnt up by a research student.

How else would you learn it?
How else would it be learnt by you?

Dr. Sarabhai sent many of the employees abroad.
Many of the employees were sent abroad by Dr. Sarabhai.

The women commanded the judge to get back.
The judge was commanded by the women to get back.

Narendra answered all the questions correctly.
All the questions were answered correctly by Narendra.

The teacher did not believe them.
They were not believed by the teacher.

They founded a monastery at Baranagar.
A monastery was founded at Baranagar by them.

Swami Vivekananda established the Ramakrishna Mission.
The Ramakrishna Mission was established by Swami Vivekananda.

Our author interviewed cricketer B.S. Chandrashekhar.
Cricketer B.S. Chandrashekhar was interviewd by our author.

Test criecket has taken a back seat.
A back seat has been taken by test cricket.

ODIs can never replace test cricket.
Test cricket can never be replaced by ODIs.

Germans were killing Englishmen.
Englishmen were being killed by Germans.

They would never forgive us.
we should never be forgiven by them.

Aruna Asaf Ali gave them sleepless nights.
Sleepless nights were given to them by Aruna Asaf Ali. (D.O.)
They were given sleepless nights by Aruna Asaf Ali. (In. O.)

She told me a story.
A story was told to me by her. (Direct Object)
I was told a story by her. (Indirect Object)

The widowed lady of the family, Kashibai had bought a Rolls Royce.
A Rolls Royce had been bought by the widowed lady of the family, Kashibai.

I will use it for drying cow dung cakes.
It will be used by me for drying cow dung cakes.

Her mercurial agility inspired young men and women.
Young men and women were inspired by her mercurial agility.

Shakuntala Dharmankar married Kurtakoti.
Kurtrakoti was married to Shakuntala Dharmankar.

Kamaladevi led many sturggles.
Many struggles were led by Kamaladevi.

They let me in. The King asked me.
I was let in by them. I was asked by the King.

I will give you some boiled beans tomorrow.
Some boiled beans will be given to you tomorrow by me.(D. O.)
You will be given some boiled beans tomorrow by me. (In. O.)

The King of Kashmir has sent the wisest man of his court.
The wisest man of his court has been sent by the King of Kashmir.

Present the problem to the august gathering.
Let the problem be presented to the august gathering.

You have given me a great prize.
A great prize has been given to me by you. (Direct Object)
I have been given a great prize by you. (Indirect Object)

Dr. Sarabhai realised the importance of industries.
The importance of industries was realised by Dr. Sarabhai.

Dr. Sarabhai would reprimand him.
He would be reprimanded by Dr. Sarabhai.

A determined youth would fulfil that dream.
That dream would be fulfilled by a determined youth.

ISRO has since launched a number of satellites and rockets.
A number of satellites and rockets have since been launched by ISRO.

We will have to honour the pandit.
The pandit will have to be honoured by us.

DIRECT SPEECH & INDIRECT SPEECH RULES MADE EASY

DIRECT SPEECH & INDIRECT

SPEECH RULES MADE EASY

When we use the exact words of the speaker, it is called the "Direct Speech."
When we report the speech in our own words, it is called the "Indirect Speech" or "Reported Speech".

RULES

We have to incorporate FOUR major changes while tranforming a Direct Speech sentence into an Indirect Speech sentence.
1. Change of Reporting Verb:
Reporting verb, i.e. the verb outside the inverted commas, has to be changed depending upon the sentence within the inverted commas. (TheTense of these verbs doesn’t change.)
A. If the sentence within the inverted commas is "Assertive" the reporting verb (said) changes as : told, replied, answered, stated, declared, narrated, described, communicated, reported etc.
B. If the sentence within the inverted commas is "Interrogative" the reporting verb (said) changes as : asked, questioned, enquired, inquired, interrogated etc.
C. If the sentence within the inverted commas is "Imparative" the reporting verb (said) changes as : requested, ordered, advised, commanded, appealed, directed, guided, etc.
D. If the sentence within the inverted commas is "Exclamatory" the reporting verb (said) changes as : exclaimed with joy /surprise/ wonder or cried with pain / sorrow

2. Change of Personal Pronouns:
When the reporter uses "I", it refers to him. If he uses other pronouns, they refer to different persons. So there is a need to change the persons. They change as :
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
I Person (I / We) CHANGES INTO He / She / It / They
II Person (You / You) CHANGES INTO He / She / It / They / I / We / You
III Person (He / She) CHANGES INTO He (.....) / She (.....)/ (It / They) It (.....) / They(.....)

3. Change of Tense Forms:
If the Reporting Verb is in the Present Tense or Future Tense then there is no change in the tense of the Reported Speech.
Suma says to Samarth , "I write letters."
Suma tells Samarth that she writes letters.
Suma will say to Samarth , "I write letters."
Suma will tell Samarth that she writes letters.
If the Reporting Verb is in the Past Tense then the tense of the Reported Speech will change as :
Simple Present CHANGES INTO Simple Past
Present Continuous CHANGES INTO Past Continuous
Present Perfect CHANGES INTO Past Perfect
PresentPerfectContinuous CHANGES INTO Past Perfect Continuous
Simple Past CHANGES INTO Past Perfect
Past Continuous CHANGES INTO Past Perect Continuous
Past Perfect REMAINS Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous REMAINS Past Perfect Continuous

Examples:
Suma said to Samarth , "I write letters."
Suma told Samarth that she wrote letters.
In Future Tense "Will" and "Shall" change into "Would" and sometimes in "Should". "Can" into "Could" and"May" into "Might". No other change.
There is an exception to this rule. If the sentence is a UNIVERSAL TRUTH then the tense should not be changed. e.g.,
Suma said to Samarth , "Blood is red."
Suma told Samarth that blood is red.

4. Change of Nearness to Remoteness:
When the reporter refers to a thing near to him it is certainly in a distance to us. So, the things which are near in the Direct Speech may become far in the Reported Speech as:
Direct Speech CHANGES TO Reported Spech
This / That CHANGES TO That
These / Those CHANGES TO Those
Here / There CHANGES TO There
Now / Then CHANGES TO Then
Thus CHANGES TO So
Today CHANGES TO That day
Tonight CHANGES TO That night
This week CHANGES TO That week
Yesterday CHANGES TO The day before / The previous day
Last week CHANGES TO The previous week
Tomorrow CHANGES TO The following day
Next week CHANGES TO The following week

ASSERTIVE SENTENCES

Suma said to Samarth , "I write letters to my friends."
Suma told Samarth that she wrote letters to her friends.

Suma said to Samarth , "I am writing letters to my friends."
Suma told Samarth that she was writing letters to her friends.

Suma said to Samarth , "I have written letters to my friends."
Suma told Samarth that she had written letters to her friends.

Suma said to Samarth , "I have been writing letters to my friends."
Suma told Samarth that she had been writing letters to her friends.

Suma said to Samarth , "I wrote letters to my friends."
Suma told Samarth that she had written letters to her friends.

Suma said to Samarth , "I was writing letters to my friends."
Suma told Samarth that she had been writing letters to her friends.

Suma said to Samarth , "I had written letters to my friends."
Suma told Samarth that she had written letters to her friends.

Suma said to Samarth , "I had been writing letters to my friends."
Suma told Samarth that she had been writing letters to her friends.

Suma said to Samarth , "I shall write letters to my friends."
Suma told Samarth that she would write letters to her friends.

Suma said to Samarth , "I shall be writing letters to my friends."
Suma told Samarth that she would be writing letters to her friends.

Suma said to Samarth , "I shall have written letters to my friends."
Suma told Samarth that she would have written letters to her friends.

Suma said to Samarth , "I shall have been writing letters to my friends."
Suma told Samarth that she would have been writing letters to her friends.

Suma said to Samarth , "I can write letters to my friends."
Suma told Samarth that she could write letters to her friends.

Suma said to Samarth , "I have to write letters to my friends."
Suma told Samarth that she had to write letters to her friends.

Suma said to Samarth,"This is our house.You can come here whenever you want"
Suma told Samarth that that was their house and he could go there whenever he wanted.

Tapan said , "I did not lead the ox into the classroom."
Tapan said that he had not led the ox into the classroom.

Tapan said , "It is true that I threw stones at Haren’s shop."
Tapan said that it was true that he had thrown stones at Haren’s shop.

Bob said to the policeman , "I am waiting for my friend."
Bob told the policeman that he was waiting for his friend.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

Sudha said to Sumanth , "Why are you laughing loudly?"
Sudha asked Sumanth why he (Sumanth) was laughing loudly.

Andy said to the postmaster, "Will you give me the letter?"
Andy asked the postmaster if he (postmaster) would give him (Andy) the letter.

The postmaster said to Andy,"Who do you want it for?"
The postmaster asked Andy who he wanted it for.

"Do you think I am a fool ?" said Andy to the postmaster.
Andy asked the postmaster if he (postmaster) thought that he (Andy) was a fool.

Mr Durfy said to the postmaster, "Have you one for me?"
Mr Durfy asked the postmaster if he had one for him.

The author said to the cricketer, "Which is your greatest test match?"
The author asked the cricketer which his greatest test match was.

"Do you have any answer?" said the King to his courtiers.
The king asked if they (courtiers) had any answer.

Daksha said to her father, "What nice thing did you have to offer to the king?"
Daksha asked her father what nice thing he had had to offer to the king.

Jeejabai said to Thanaji , " Can you give me the Lion-Fort?"
Jeejabai asked Thanaji whether he could give her the Lion-Fort.

He said , "Does God really exist?"
He asked whether God really eisted.

"Do you write some examples now?" asked the class teacher.
The class teacher asked if they wrote some examples then.

Tapan said to Granny , " Will you hold on to me?"
Tapan asked Granny whether she would hold on to him.

Robert A. Lewis said , "What have you done?"
Robert A. Lewis asked what they had done.

"Can you swim ?" asked the coach.
The coach enquired (the person) whether he could swim.

{ NOTE : While transferring interrogative sentences the Question Word "Wh" word has to be retained. If there is no "Wh" word, that is, if the question is an Inverted (Yes / No type) Question, then we have to use "if " or "whether" in place of the question word.
The word order of the sentence "Wh + Ax. + S + V.........= (?)" changes into "Wh + S + Ax. + V......=(.)" }
Where you are going. (Assertive Sentence)
Where are you going? (Interrogative Sentence)
Geethanjali said to me, "Where are you going?"
Geethanjali asked me where I was going.

IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

Asha said to Vishwanath , " Give me a pen."
Asha requested Vishwanath to give her a pen.

Rowland said , " Bring the poker here."
Rowland ordered Jove to bring the poker there.

The headmaster said to Mohan , " Bring Tapan of class V."
The headmaster ordered Mohan to bring Tapan of class V.

Tapan said , " Don’t hurt dumb animals."
Tapan requested (them) not to hurt dumb animals.

The policeman said , " Take out your identity card. I want to see it."
The policeman ordered (the student) to take out his ( the student’s) identity card because he (the policeman) wanted to see it.

Mohan said , "Ravi, Give up driniking. You will be healthy."
Mohan advised Ravi to give up drinking so that he (Ravi) would be healthy.

EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES

Suhail said , "Hurrah! India has won the series against England."
Suhail exclaimed with joy that India had won the series against England.

Miss Spoorthy said , "Aah! I cut my finger."
Miss Spoorthy cried with pain that she had cut her finger.

Kareena said , "Oh! It is very cold outside."
Kareena exclaimed with surprise that it was very cold outside.

Priya said , "What a cold night it is !" (It is a cold night.)
Priya exclaimed with wonder that it was a cold night.

Veeresh said , "Wah! She is very beautiful."
Veeresh exclaimed with surprise that she was very beautiful.

Girish said , "How beautiful she is !" (She is very beautiful.)
Girish exclaimed with wonder that she was very beautiful.

MOST LIKELY QUESTIONS

"I have come for that letter," he (Andy) said.
Andy told (the postmaster) that he had come for that letter.

"I am glad to hear it," said the postmaster.
The postmaster replied that he was glad to hear it.

"That old cheat wanted to charge double for it," said Andy.
Andy complained that that old cheat had wanted to charge double for it.

The postmaster said to Andy, "You have to pay me eleven - pence."
The postmaster told Andy that he(Andy) had to pay him (the postmaster) eleven - pence.

Squire Egan said, "It may be a double letter."
Squire Egan said that it might be a double letter.

"Here’s a letter for the squire," said the postmaster.
The postmaster said that there was a letter for the squire.

The postmaster said to Andy, "Is there anyone in the town who knows you?"
The postmaster enquired Andy if there was anyone in the town who knew him (Andy)"

Andy said, "My master will murder if I am not back soon."
Andy said that his master would murder if he was not back soon.

Andy said to his master, "I don’t like to be troublesome, sir."
Andy said to his master (politely) that he did not like to be troublesome.

The postmaster said to Andy, "I’ll attend to you by and by."
The postmaster told Andy that he (postmaster) would attend to him (Andy) by and by.

Andy said to the postmaster, "Have you anything to say about it."
Andy asked the postmaster if he (postmaster) had anything to say about it.

Daksha said to her father, "Didn’t the guards stop you at the gates?"
Daksha asked her father if the guards had not stopped him at the gates.

The King said, "Is there no one who can venture an answer?"
The king asked if there was no (any) one who could venture an answer.

The king said to the farmer, "Come to the court with your daughter tomorrow."
The king ordered / asked the farmer to come to the court with his daughter the following day.

The courtiers said, "We shall certainly solve it."
The courtiers said that they would certainly solve it.

Daksha said to her father, "I will give you some boiled beans tomorrow."
Daksha told her father that she would give him some boiled beans the following day.

The King said, "Daksha, my whole kingdom is proud of you!"
The King (appreciated and) told Daksha that his whole kingdom was proud of her.

The King said, "Daksha, I’ll permit you to take away anything you like as a prize."
The King told Daksha that he would pemit her to take away anything she liked as a prize.

Daksha said, "I am taking away my prize."
Daksha said that she was taking away her prize.

The King said, "Where has all your wit gone, my dear ministers?"
The King asked his dear ministers where all their wit had gone.

The King said to the lady, "What are you doing?"
The King asked the lady what she was doing.

Daksha said, "Father, why did you go to the palace?"
Daksha asked her father why he had gone to the palace.

"Did the king talk to all who you went with?’ said Daksha to her father.
Daksha asked her father if / whether the king had talked to all who he (the famer) had gone with.

Daksha said to her father, "Don’t worry."
Daksha asked / advised her father not to worry.

Passerby - 2 said, "How ridiculous!" (It is ridiculous.)
Passerby - 2 exclaimed with wonder that it was ridiculous.

Passerby - 3 said, "How stupid of him to say that!"
(It was stupid of him to say that.)
Passerby - 3 exclaimed with surprise that it was very stupid of him to say that.

Kashibai said, "I will use it for drying cow dung cakes."
Kashibai said that she would use it for drying cow dung cakes.

The collector said to Kashibai, "If you refuse to handover the car, I will cancel its registration."
The collector warned Kashibai that If she refused to handover the car, he would cancel its registration.

The author said to the cricketer, "Which is your greatest test match?"
The author asked the cricketer which his greatest test match was.

Chandrashekar said to the young cricketers, "Have an aim in life. Work hard with dedication."
Chandrashekar advised the young cricketers to have an aim in life and to work hard with dedication.

The author said to Chandrashekar, "Who do you think is the finest batsman at the moment?"
The author asked Chandrashekar who he thought was the finest bastman at the moment.

Chandrashekar said, "I have a passion for the game. That led me to persever."
Chandrashekar said that he had a passion for the game and that had led him to persever.

FIGURES OF SPEECH

FIGURES OF SPEECH

A figure of speech, sometimes termed a rhetoric, or locution, is a word or phrase that departs from straightforward, literal language. Figures of speech are often used and crafted for emphasis, freshness of expression, or clarity. However, clarity may also suffer from their use. Note that all theories of meaning necessarily have a concept of "literal language" . Under theories that do not, figure of speech is not an entirely coherent concept.

Find out the figure of speech employed

1. "As shines a moon in clouded skies, she in her poor attire was seen"
A. simile

B. metaphor

C. personification

D. alliteration

2. "Like a hurt bitch, she bared her teeth".
A. personification

B. metaphor

C. simile

D. alliteration

3. "He hides a smiling face".
A. personification

B. metaphor

C. simile

D. alliteration

4. "Tippu fought against the British like a tiger.".
A. personification

B. metaphor

C. simile

D. alliteration

5. "Tippu was a tiger".
A. personification

B. metaphor

C. simile

D. alliteration

6. "Her voice is as sweet as that of the nightingale".
A. personification

B. metaphor

C. simile

D. alliteration

7. "Young men are the salt of the nation".
A. personification

B. metaphor

C. simile

D. alliteration

8."Death lays his icy hands on the kings".
A. personification

B. metaphor

C. simile

D. alliteration

10. "God rides upon the storm".
A. personification

B. metaphor

C. simile

D. alliteration

11. "My mother, black prolific earth mother".
A. personification

B. metaphor

C. simile

D. alliteration

12. "........ my laugh in the mirror
shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs"
A. simile

B. metaphor

C. personification

D. alliteration

13. "She groaned, closed her eyes, never opened them again"
A. simile

B. metaphor

C. euphemism

D. alliteration

14. "Like a hurt bitch, she bared her teeth"
A. simile

B. metaphor

C. personification

D. alliteration

What is a figure of speech?
A figure of speech is a deviation from the ordinary use of words, so that the effect of the words is heightened. When figurative language is introduced it contributes powerfully to increase understanding.
SIMILE :

A definite expression of a likeness between objects of different kind or species. It is usually introduced by words of comparison such as, ‘like’, ‘so’, and ‘as’
e.g., World is like a stage. He is as swift as wind.

METAPHOR :

A metaphor is an implied simile or comparison. It is a figure of speech in which hidden comparisons between two objects of different kinds, having at least one point in common. Here the comparison is not openly expressed or stated and it has to be inferred.
e.g., All the world is a stage -
In which all men and women are merely players.
Tippu was the tiger of Mysore.

PERSONIFICATION :

This is a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are spoken of as if they are alive ( having life and intelligence).
e.g., Death leaped on the beautiful deer.
Love came to Flora asking for a flower.

EUPHEMISM:

Harsh and unpleasant facts expressed indirectly in a mild and less unpleasant manner.
e.g, He attained the lotus feet of the Lord. ( i.e., He died.)

Some Examples:
Tippu fought against the British like a tiger. - Simile
Tippu was a tiger. - Metaphor
Her voice is as sweet as that of the nightingale. - Simile
Young men are the salt of the nation. - Metaphor
Death lays his icy hands on the kings. - Personafication
God plans his foot steps in the sea. - Personafication
God rides upon the storm. - Personafication
God hides a smiling face. - Personafication
My mother, black prolific earth mother. - Metaphor
Like a hurt bitch, she bared her teeth. - Simile
........ my laugh in the mirror
shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs. - Simile
She groaned, closed her eyes, never opened them again. - Euphemism

Examples from Previous Question Papers
As sweet and dry was the ground / As tobaco dust.
a. Personification

b. Metaphor

c. Simile

d. Euphemism

Death leaped on the beautiful wild deer.
a. Metaphor

b. Simile

c. Personification d. Irony

Till suddenly Death leaped on the beautiful deer.
a. Simile

b. Personification

c. Metaphor d. Irony

I am not as strong as my Grandmother.
a. Metaphor

b. Simile

c. Personification

The moon slides down the stair / To see who’s there!
a. Simile

b. Metaphor

c. Personification

Like an ingrate, I left my friend.
a. Personification

b. Simile

c. Metaphor

Ghost-like I paced round the haunts of my childhood.
a. Metaphor

b. Personification

c. Simile

Summer has spread a cool, green tent.
a. Metaphor

b. Simile

c. Personification

I am not as strong as my grandmother.
a. Metaphor

b. Personification

c. Simile

"The wind slipped through the leaves as if afraid.........."
a. Personification

b. Metaphor

c. Simile

"The wind slipped through the leaves as if afraid.........."
a. Metaphor

b. Simile

c.Personification

"I who am Death shall haunt your children.
a. Personification

b. Metaphor

c. Simile

Content and health can sleep without the power of wealth.
a. Simile

b. Personification

c. Metaphor

SSLC - MOST LIKELY QUESTIONS FROM THE QUESTION BANK PUBLISHED BY DSERT

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MODEL QUESTIONS

1. Andy repeated his demand for the letter.
His intention was to:
A. please the postmaster
B. irritate the postmaster
C. protest against the attitude of the postmaster
D. show his innocence.

2. Andy swallowed the taunts of the postmaster with a view to:
A. teach him a lesson later
B. get the letter paying four pence
C. save his master from being cheated
D. deceive the postmaster.

3. How did Andy look when he visited the post office the second time?
A. submissive
B. apologetic
C. indignant
D. violent

4. If Mr.Durby had not come to the post office:
A. the post master would have given Andy a letter for four pence postage
B. Andy would have paid eleven pence postage and got a letter
C. Andy would have asked the post master to give the letter for 4 pence postage
D. the post master would not have demeaned Andy to pay eleven pence postage.

5. Andy refused to pay eleven pence postage for the letter because:
A. he did not have eleven pence with him
B. he had seen that Mr.Durfy was given a bigger letter for four pence
C. his master told him not to
D. his master’s letter was smaller than Durfy’s.

6. Dr. Sarabhai’s dream was to:
A. launch satellites.
B. discover cosmic rays.
C. walk on the moon.
D. set up a research laboratory.

7. Vikram’s parents spent their time and money on social work. This shows that they:
A. did not care for time and money
B. had a lot of time and money
C. were very generous to others
D. had no other way to spend their time and money.

8. Dr. Sarabhai setup Sarbhai Chemicals, to produce
A. chemicals
B. medicines
C. chemicals and pesticides
D. medicines and chemicals

9. When the student burnt an electric meter he was upset because:
A. Dr.Sarabhai was a very strict teacher
B. Dr. Sarabhai would send him out of the class
C. the student would have to pay a penalty
D. the student feared that Dr.Sarabhai would reprimand him.

10. Dr.Sarabhai told the student that they would buy a new meter. This shows that:
A. he did not want to discourage the student
B. he could buy as many meters as he wished
C. the meter did not cost much
D. the meter was not very useful.

11. Narendranath could sing well, was good at sports ,was witty and liked to meditate. This shows that he was :
A. an all-rounder
B. talented
C. a jack of all trades
D. a very popular student

12. Prof.W.W.Hastie, once said of Narendra "He is bound to make his mark in life". This means that he:
A. will be popular
B. had an aim in life
C. was good at archery
D. will achieve great success

13. Swami Vivekananda decided to go to America, to fulfill Sri Ramakrishna’s will. This shows that Vivekananda:
A. was Sri Ramakrishna’a favourite disciple
B. wanted to carry out his master’s wishes
C. was an obedient disciple
D. had a strict master

14. The American newspapers declared the Swamiji as a prophet and a seer because:
A. he tried to link Eastern and Western ideas
B. they realized it was foolish to send missionaries to India
C. he was dressed in saffron robes
D. the effect of his speech was such.

15. The aims of Ramakrishna Mission were a mixture of spiritual and humanitarian ideals, which can be summed up as:
A. work is worship
B. service to humanity is service to God
C. worship the poor
D. there is no shortcut to hard work.

16. The Swamiji reiterated the validity of all religions and their harmony. This shows that the Swamiji
A. wanted to please the audience
B. respected all religions
C. wanted to bring about world peace
D. believed that there was only one God

17. "When I could detect the batsmen’s weaknesses I could bowl normally". This statement of B.S.Chandrashekar tells us that:
A. he did not feel nervous
B. his observation guided his bowling
C. the batsmen had weaknesses
D. he had good observation.

18. "It was said that pitches in India were prepared to suit you". B.S.Chandrashekar disagreed because:
A. no batsman complained thus
B. the bowlers did their job well
C. wickets were taken on foreign pitches too
D. they had only medium pacers on their side

19. B.S.Chandrashekar never considered his polio stricken arm as a disadvantage because he:
A. had a passion for cricket
B. never even thought about it
C.did not have to bowl against great batsmen
D.was one of the greatest leg break bowlers in the world

20. Cricket is played in:
A. Asian countries
B. all the Common Wealth countries
C. all European countries
D. England only.

21. B.S.Chandrashekar achieved the feat of getting 247 wickets in the matches by:
A. changing to fast bowling
B. increasing his pace
C. bowling superlatively
D. ignoring his handicap

22. People in India were waiting largely for the return of the space shuttle Columbia because:
A. the government of India was interested in it
B. one of the crew was an Indian woman
C. there were many Indians among the crew
D. it was one of the greatest space expeditions

23. As a young girl, Kalpana Chawla would look up at the stars and wish that she:
A. had a telescope
B. could reach the sky
C. had a spaceship of her own
D. could paint the stars.

24. Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian woman:
A. astrologer
B. astronaut
C. astronomer
D. astrophysicist.

25. Kalpana Chawla was "unique" in many ways. The underlined word means:
A. different from others
B. like others
C. very clever
D. highly skilled in her job

26. "She always held him in high esteem". This means she:
A. held him very tight.
B. kept him at a distance.
C. had high regard for him.
D. had high hopes from him.

27. "To better, to refine, to replace savage habits by good ones". This explains the meaning of the word:
A. civilization
B. savagery
C. barbarism
D. culture.

28. Europeans think they are civilized while Asians are barbarous because:
A. they fought the great war
B. they wear more clothes
C. Asians wear less clothes
D. Asians fight like savages in jungles

29. Everyone was trying to kill as many people on the other side as possible. This denotes:
A. that war is a sign of civilization
B. bravery of soldiers
C. that wars involve killing
D. barbarous behaviour of men

30. Many thousands were maimed for life in the war. "Maimed" means:
A. rendered homeless
B. injured seriously
C. blinded
D. crippled

30. "Do you think it was a very civilized or sensible thing for people to kill each other like this?" The author here refers to:
A. Englishmen killing Germans
B. savages fighting in the jungles
C. the World War
D. Germans killing Englishmen.

31. "To civilize" means to :
A. lead a simple life
B. take over the government of another country
C. replace savage habits by good habits
D. wander in search of food and water.

32. The reverse of ‘Barbarism’ is:
A. violence
B. civilization
C. selfishness
D. generosity

33. Preetilata Waddedar is described as having raided the armoury at Chittagong like:
A. a tornado
B. a cyclone
C. a volcano
D. an earthquake

34. "If you refuse to hand over the car I will cancel its
registration".The district collector said these words to:
A. Preetilata Waddedar
B. Aruna Asaf Ali
C. Kashibai Desai
D. Padmavathibai

35. Vimal Gulwadi and Hema Shinolikar commanded the judge to go back because they wanted to:
A. make the British realize that they had no place in India
B. show that they believed in non-violence
C. prove that they could be better judges
D. get arrested by the British

36. At the end of the play everyone was happy because Daksha, the wonder girl:
A. solved all the problems of the king
B. chose the king as her prize and became the queen of the land
C. solved the problem which the wise courtiers could not
D. was very beautiful and highly intelligent.

37. Daksha wanted——————as a prize:
A. gold and jewels
B. the king’s throne
C. the king himself
D. the kingdom

38. ‘Empty the ocean with this wooden bowl’ means:
A. bring the ocean water into court
B. fill the wooden bowl with ocean water
C. water of the ocean to be emptied with the help of the wooden bowl
D. the king should drink ocean water from the wooden bowl

39. "And I have thought it died of grieving". The word ‘grieving’ means a feeling of great:
A. sorrow
B. fear
C. hunger
D. shock

40. "Why would you leave me, sweet bird, why?" These words show that the poet was:
A. unhappy
B. disgusted
C. afraid
D. angry

41. "Why pretty thing! Could you not live with me?"
Here ‘pretty thing’ refers to a:
A. beautiful girl
B. lovely tree
C. sweet dove
D. loving mother

42. The dove did not like:
A. green peas
B. the poet’s love
C. the golden cage
D. free life in the forest

43. The beggar-maid came before the king with:
A. her head held high
B. a big smile on her face
C. her arms across her breast
D. tears in her eyes

44. The beggar maid was wearing:
A. a shining white dress
B. a robe and a crown
C. a dress of many colours
D. an old, torn dress

45. The lords in the court praised the beggar maid’s:
A. bold expression
B. beautiful hair and eyes
C. simple but pretty dress
D. feet without shoes

46. The beggar maid had the grace of:
A. a swan
B. an angel
C. a butterfly
D. a dancer

47. Cophetua swore a royal oath.The word ‘oath’ means a:
A. solemn promise
B. loud command
C. strong desire
D. polite request.

48. The poet’s mother won a bracelet for her arm by:
A. ploughing the field with her hand
B. earning money for the family
C. pleasing her husband
D. raising a hundred measure of millet.

49. The poet calls his mother "earthier with every burn" because:
A. she yielded more, in spite of pain
B. she liked working in the hot sun
C. she was the ‘mother earth’
D. her work required the heat of the sun.

50. The poet’s mother raised a hundred measures of millet to:
A. feed her family
B. win a bracelet for her arm
C. please his father
D. raise crop.

51. The poet’s mother worked hard and spent her youth:
A. raising crop after crop
B. in tattered sarees
C. winning bracelets
D. pleasing his father.

52. "A jungle bear has no need for your———-"
A. holy legends
B. Gods
C. mother
D. Gita.

53. In the poem ‘Work is Workship’, the speaker says:
A. work is important
B. meditation is important.
C. prayer with flowers and incense is important.
D. chanting and singing is important.

54. In the poem , ‘Work is Worship’, work means:
A. doing one’s duty
B. work from morning till evening
C. work till you make lot of money
D. worship God for the whole day

55. " God plans his footsteps in the sea and rides upon the storm", because he:
A. is strong enough to face danger and control it
B. lives in the sea
C. is the creator of Nature
D. moves in a mysterious way.

56. The bitterness of the bud should not discourage man because:
A. all buds have a bitter taste
B. His purposes will ripen fast
C. the end result will be rewarding
D. only bitter buds yield sweet-flowers.

57. Man has to trust God’s grace because:
A. God will never let the believer down
B. man has feeble sense
C. God is our creator
D. God moves in a mysterious way.

58. The Lord of Tartary wanted trumpeters everyday to:
A. entertain him
B. put him to sleep
C. summon him to have food
D. announce his arrival to the court.

59. The Lord of Tartary wanted seven zebras:
A. to draw his chariot
B. as he liked exotic animals
C. to keep them in his garden
D. since he wanted to be unique.

60. In Tartary the Lord’s bed would be made of:
A. gold
B. silver
C. ivory
D. wood.

61. The Lord of Tartary would be summoned to meal by:
A. peacocks
B. trumpeters
C. harp and mandolin
D. flute.

62. Pick out the word from the four alternatives which means ‘valley’
A. wood
B. dale
C. thicket
D. pool.

63. In the poem, ‘Once Upon a Time’, the speaker is talking to his:
A. friend
B. son
C. colleagues
D. children

64. The poet has learnt to say ‘Good bye’. He actually meant:
A. ‘Good riddance’
B. ’glad to meet you’
C. ‘bored to meet you’
D. ‘nice talking to you’.

65. In this poem, the poet is criticizing:
A. the showy life of the people
B. the emptiness of modern life
C. all those who laugh without good feelings
D. himself and his son.

66. The miser came to the hole everyday because:
A. he had kept the treasure there
B. the sight of the treasure gave him pleasure
C. he was afraid that robbers might take it away
D. he did not want others to know about his treasure.

67. Which one of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect?
A. She made me stand for a long time.
B. Mr. Patel is a M.L.A.
C. Fifty thousand rupees is a good sum.
D. The director along with his officers visits our office.

68. Who was Subahu? He was the king of:
A. Kulinda
B. Videha
C. Kalinga
D. Bengal

69. To whom did Draupadi want to offer the flower?
A. Bhima
B. Arjuna
C. Yudhisthira
D. Subahu

70. Hanuman contracted his body.
The passive voice form is ______
A. His body contracted Hanuman.
B. His body was contracted by Hanuman.
C. His body was contracted Hanuman.
D. Hanuman had contracted his body.

71. Gandhiji had a wrong notion about gymnastics because he:
A. liked it
B. disliked it
C. didn’t consider it as a subject
D. disliked the teacher

72. Gandhiji repented and understood the importance of good handwriting when he was in:
A. South Africa
B. England
C. Australia
D. India.

73. found / myself / I / at / completely / sea .
The rearranged sentence for the jumbled words is:
A. I found completely at sea myself
B. I completely at sea found myself
C. I found myself completely at sea
D. I sea found at myself completely.

74. Nino came to know about the Duchess’ strike when he came back to:
A. tea
B. evening snacks
C. lunch
D. supper

75. When her father asked the Duchess to come down, her reaction was that she:
A. didn’t answer
B. climbed higher
C. came down
D. didn’t even see her father

Answer the following in two or three sentences each
01 What justice did Andy wish to get for his master?
02 How was Andy justified in taking away two letters from the counter?
03 Why was the first Indian built satellite called "Aryabhata"?
04 Give one example to show that Vikram feared nothing while on research work.
05 Why was Narendranath called an all-rounder?
06 How was Narendranath as a student, at the metropolitan school?
07 Why did Narendranath accept Sri.Ramakrishna as his master?
08 Why did B.S.Chandrashekar feel nervous when he was asked to bowl to great batsmen?
09 Why did B.S.Chandrashekar think that Ken Barrington was the toughest batsman he bowled against?
10 How was Kalpana different from other girls of her age?
11 What were Kalpana’s feats as an astronaut?
12 What did the Prime Minister of India say in his condolence message?
13 Why do great countries engage in war?
14 What constitutes civilization?
15 Why do people fight with one another?
16 Where do we find special seats for the war wounded people?
17 What message does the author give us in the lesson ‘What is civilization?’
18 What makes us remember Kashibai?
19 How did Padmavathi bai help freedom fighters?
20 Who caused the British a sense of defeat? How?
21 What made the king like the farmer?
22 Why couldn’t the wise men solve the Pandith’s problem?
23 Why did the poet put the dove in a golden cage?
24 How fair was the beggar maid? What was she compared to?
25 What made the king step down from the throne?
26 Why did the poet’s mother try to please her husband?
27 What did the poet’s mother live for?
28 Where according to Tagore, is God to be found?
29 What according to the poet, is the ultimate goal of man?
30 Why should we not judge God?
31 Where does God hide a smiling face?
32 Describe the evenings in Tartary.
33 When did the robber see the miser? What did he do?
34 What did the neighbours advice the miser?
35 What risk did Bhimasena take to please Draupadi?
36 How did Hanuman appear to Bhima?
37 Why did Gandhiji request the headmaster to exempt him from gymnastics?
38 Why did Gandhiji have great regard for Krishnashankar Pandya?
39 What message did Albertino bring back from his sister on the apple tree?
40 How did Nino try to settle things?

Answer the following in a paragraph each

41 How is the post office in the story different from the one found now?
42 Dr. Sarabhai’s contributions to space research in India.
43 Why did Narendranath visit Sri Ramakrishna? What did he ask him?
44 Sketch the character of B.S.Chandrashekar.
45 ‘Even as a girl Kalpana was unique’ Give example from the text in support of this claim.
46 What do we understand about the countries that fight against one another?
47 What were the effects of the great war?
48 What role did women play in India’s freedom struggle?
49 What message does the poem ‘The Beggar Maid’ convey
50 Comment on the uniqueness of the poet’s dream as the Lord of Tartary.