Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013
Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, Arieh Warshel

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013

© Nobel Media AB

Martin Karplus

Photo: Keilana via Wikimedia Commons

Michael Levitt

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

Arieh Warshel

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013 was awarded jointly to Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel "for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems".

English English (pdf) SwedishSwedish (pdf)

Press Release

9 October 2013

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2013 to

Martin Karplus
Université de Strasbourg, France and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Michael Levitt
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

and

Arieh Warshel
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

“for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems”

The computer — your Virgil in the world of atoms

Chemists used to create models of molecules using plastic balls and sticks. Today, the modelling is carried out in computers. In the 1970s, Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel laid the foundation for the powerful programs that are used to understand and predict chemical processes. Computer models mirroring real life have become crucial for most advances made in chemistry today.

Chemical reactions occur at lightning speed. In a fraction of a millisecond, electrons jump from one atomic nucleus to the other. Classical chemistry has a hard time keeping up; it is virtually impossible to experimentally map every little step in a chemical process. Aided by the methods now awarded with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, scientists let computers unveil chemical processes, such as a catalyst’s purification of exhaust fumes or the photosynthesis in green leaves.

The work of Karplus, Levitt and Warshel is ground-breaking in that they managed to make Newton’s classical physics work side-by-side with the fundamentally different quantum physics. Previously, chemists had to choose to use either or. The strength of classical physics was that calculations were simple and could be used to model really large molecules. Its weakness, it offered no way to simulate chemical reactions. For that purpose, chemists instead had to use quantum physics. But such calculations required enormous computing power and could therefore only be carried out for small molecules.

This year’s Nobel Laureates in chemistry took the best from both worlds and devised methods that use both classical and quantum physics. For instance, in simulations of how a drug couples to its target protein in the body, the computer performs quantum theoretical calculations on those atoms in the target protein that interact with the drug. The rest of the large protein is simulated using less demanding classical physics.

Today the computer is just as important a tool for chemists as the test tube. Simulations are so realistic that they predict the outcome of traditional experiments.

Read more about this year's prize

Popular Information Pdf 1 MB

Scientific Background Pdf 600 Kb

To read the text you need Acrobat Reader.

Image 1 (pdf 12 Mb)Image 2 (pdf 1 Mb)Image 3 (pdf 5 Mb)

---

Martin Karplus, U.S. and Austrian citizen. Born 1930 in Vienna, Austria. Ph.D. 1953 from California Institute of Technology, CA, USA. Professeur Conventionné, Université de Strasbourg, France and Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry, Emeritus, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
http://chemistry.harvard.edu/people/martin-karplus
http://www-isis.u-strasbg.fr/biop/start

Michael Levitt, U.S., Brittish and Israeli citizen. Born 1947 in Pretoria, South Africa. Ph.D. 1971 from University of Cambridge, UK. Robert W. and Vivian K. Cahill Professor in Cancer Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Michael_Levitt

Arieh Warshel, U.S. and Israeli citizen. Born 1940 in Kibbutz Sde-Nahum, Israel. Ph.D. 1969 from Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. Distinguished Professor, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
http://chem.usc.edu/faculty/Warshel.html

Martin Karplus

© Nobel Media AB

 

Martin Karplus

Born: 15 March 1930, Vienna, Austria

Affiliation at the time of the award: Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Prize motivation: "for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"

Michael Levitt 

Photo: Keilana via Wikimedia Commons

Michael Levitt

Born: 9 May 1947, Pretoria, South Africa

Affiliation at the time of the award: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

Prize motivation: "for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"

Arieh Warshel

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

Arieh Warshel

Born: 20 November 1940, Kibbutz Sde-Nahum, Israel

Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Prize motivation: "for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2013/

Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013